Hospital anxiety and depression scale the hads is a selfadministered scale consisting of 14 items split across anxiety and depression subscales, each with a fourpoint ordinal response format. The hads was administered to 521 participants 275 controls and 246 inpatients and outpatients of the internal medicine and surgical departments in attikon general hospital in athens. Seven of the items relate to anxiety and seven relate to depression. Diagnostic accuracy of the depression subscale of the hospital. The hads hospital anxiety and depression scale aims to measure symptoms of anxiety hads anxiety and depression hads depression. The term hospital in its title suggests that it is only valid in such a setting but many studies conducted throughout the world have confirmed that it is valid when used in community settings and primary care. The hospital anxiety and depression scale zigmond 1983. Nottingham university hospitals nhs trust, hospital anxiety and depression scale hads. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads springerlink. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is an instrument designed to detect the presence and severity of mild degrees of mood disorder, anxiety and depression. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads can be used as a diagnostic aid with adolescents, with modifications to the cutoffs reflecting lower rates of depression among adolescents than among adults and higher rates of anxiety. The hospital anxiety and depression scale 363 table 1 numbers of patients in each category according to subscale scores depression scale non doubtful scores cases cases cases 07 57 11 1 810 8 7 3 1121 1 4 8 and the rating scale of any respondent who replied positively to either of these questions was discarded. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads spinal cord. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads, a fourpoint, 14item questionnaire, was tested as a screening method for adjustment disorders and major depressive disorders in a sample of 210.
Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a person is. In a crosssectional study, the hadsd and the bdi were applied to patients undergoing spine surgery for lumbar n9 or cervical spondylosis n17. Narcotics division, security bureau beat drugs fund other. The term hospital in its title suggests that it is only valid in such a setting but many studies conducted throughout the world have confirmed that it is valid when used in community settings and primary care medical practice. The validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale.
Were available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week to help. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, or hads, was designed to provide a simple yet reliable tool for use in medical practice. Hads gives clinically meaningful results as a psychological screening tool and can assess the symptom severity and caseness of anxiety disorders and depression in patients with. Factor analyses of the hospital anxiety and depression. Call peachford hospital at 7704553200 or visit our facility for a nocost, confidential assessment by one of our licensed behavioral health professionals. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was devised 30 years ago by zigmond and snaith to measure anxiety and depression in a general medical population of patients. Hads is a 14item selfreport screening scale that was originally developed to indicate the possible presence of anxiety and depression states in the setting of a medical nonpsychiatric. Factor analyses of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. The hads is a widely used screening tool for abnormal mood, with subscales hadsd and. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a bidirectional selfassessment scale used to screen for clinical depression and anxiety in hospital outpatient medical clinics. The hospital anxiety and depression had scale developed by zigmond and snaith 6 for the screening of psychological problems is short and simple, and has been found to be valid in the general. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads acer.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a frequently used selfrating scale developed to assess psychological distress in nonpsychiatric patients. This is a self screening questionnaire for depression and anxiety. The hads is a 14item, 4point selfreport likert scale assessing anxiety and depression symptoms. We compared the severity of depression andor anxiety on any tool at postassessment between. It was divided into an anxiety subscale hadsa and a depression subscale hadsd both containing seven intermingled items. It has become a popular tool, for clinical practice and research. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a simple to use self assessment used as a screening tool for identifying anxiety and depression. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet yes definitely yes sometimes no, not much no, not at all 1. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads has been used in several languages to assess anxiety and depression in general hospital patients with good results. This questionnaire is designed to help your doctor know how you feel. James university hospital, leeds, yorkshire, england abstract a self. The instruments studied most widely in a variety of contexts are the general health questionnaire ghq and the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was developed from a study conducted in the outpatient clinic of a general medical hospital.
The questionnaire has been found to be reliable in the internet version 42. Untimed approximately 25 minutes the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a self. The anxiety and depressive subscales are also valid measures of severity of the emotional disorder. For the twofactor model proposed by zigmond and snaith 1, satisfactory levels of cronbachs alphas. The depression subscale of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hadsd is the most commonly used screening tool in medically ill patients. The depression anxiety and stress scale, or dass21, is a 21 question assessment that was developed to measure the degree of depression, anxiety and stress in an individual. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads doctors are aware that emotions play an important part in most illnesses. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a questionnaire widely used for detecting anxiety and depressive disorders. However uk normative data from hads remains limited. Hospital anxiety and depression scale occupational. The popularity of a scale does not guarantee that it is feasible. Hospital anxiety and depression scale occupational medicine.
Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads depression only study identification tool comparator caseness population results lowe et al. Bgp article hospital anxiety and depression had scale. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet. Pdf hospital anxiety and depression scale hads aastha. This is a sample version of the hospital anxiety and. It is presented as an easy to use questionnai re which allows to establish the presence and. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was developed by zigmond and snaith in 1983 to identify caseness possible and probable of anxiety disorders and depression among patients in. Hospital anxiety and depression scale, deutsche version. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, in patients. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet grading. The depressive and anxiety subscales are used to measure the severity of each disorder, with each containing seven questions.
It is used extensively in france, but has never been the. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads english 14 items beat drug. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is widely used in both research and clinical contexts. The effectiveness of a guided internetbased tool for the. Supplement of brief questionnaires could improve the diagnostic accuracy of gps for these common mental disorders. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads instructions. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads scores among patients with obstructive sleep. It includes seven 7 questions for each and the scores are calculated by adding up the scores for each item in the section. The 15th and 16th items represent the total anxiety and depression score of the questionnaire. Is the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads a valid. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a brief selfreporting twodimensional questionnaire developed to screen for levels of anxiety and depression among patients in a general hospital setting. A validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression.
Viewing and printing of them can be done through the use of the adobe acrobat reader. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads 45 is a 14 item selfreported questionnaire. The hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith as a screening tool to capture clinically significant states of anxiety. Accuracy of the hospital anxiety and depression scale as a screening tool in cancer patients. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads clinical summary. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was developed by zigmond and snaith in 1983 to identify caseness possible and probable of anxiety disorders and depression among patients in nonpsychiatric hospital clinics. The hadsa is a 7item anxiety subscale of the hads with item responses on a 0 to 3 scale. I wake early and then sleep badly for the rest of the night. Coeliac disease, diet adherence and depressive symptoms. Responses are based on the relative frequency of symptoms over the past week. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a valid and reliable selfrating scale that measures anxiety and depression in both hospital and community settings. Doctors are aware that emotions play an important part in most illnesses. For the twofactor model proposed by zigmond and snaith 1, satisfactory levels of cronbachs alphas were found for anxiety and depression factors in the community a.
To measure depression and anxiety in hospital and community settings age. The aim of our study is to assess the impact of distress, measured by the hads score, on initiation of treatment in newly diagnosed cancer. Hospital anxiety and depression scale, deutsche version hads. Validation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale for use with adolescents. Anxiety depression summary the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads assesses anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric population through selfreporting. Assessment of the impact of the hospital anxiety and depression. The hospital anxiety and depression scale health and. Originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a patient is experiencing. The hads is widely used but has shown ambiguous results both regarding the factor structure and sex differences in the prevalence of depressive symptoms. General practitioners gps diagnostic skills lead to underidentification of generalized anxiety disorders gad and major depressive episodes mde. The beauty of the hads score is its simplicity, speed and ease.
The patient should be instructed not to take too long over their replies. The term hospital in its title suggests that it is only valid in. Furthermore, unlike other selfreport questionnaires, such as the patient health questionnaire phq, the hads does not capture the somatic. Were available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week to help determine your individual needs and help find the best program for you or your loved one. If your doctor knows about these feelings he or she will be able to help you more. Is the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads a. Outcome measure hospital anxiety and depression scale hads sensitivity to change yes population adult domain psychological status anxiety and depression type of measure selfreport scale icf. Articles about the questionnaire and the study were published in four issues of the quarterly.
To reduce the risk of a false positive bias, the scale does not assess symptoms of anxiety and depression related to. Factor structure of the hospital anxiety and depression scale in coronary heart disease patients in three countries. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was devised 30 years ago by zigmond and snaith 1 to measure anxiety and depression in a general medical population of patients. I get very frightened or have panic feelings for apparently no reason at all. Translation find a translation for hospital anxiety and depression scale in other languages. The depression subscale of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads d is the most commonly used screening tool in medically ill patients. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads hospital anxiety and depression scale hads detects states of anxiety and depression in an adult population.
Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is an instrument designed to detect the presence and severity of mild degrees of mood disorder, anxiety and. One such instrument is the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads 4. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads tick the box beside the reply that is closest to how you have been feeling in the past week. Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on depression and.
The findings of this study were published by zigmond. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a person is experiencing. Normative data for the hospital anxiety and depression scale. James university hospital, leeds, yorkshire, england abstract a selfassessment scale has been developed and found to be a reliable instrument for detecting states of depression and anxi ety in the setting of an. Assesses anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric population. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads 45 is a 14 item self reported questionnaire. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads please check you. Hads is a selfreport questionnaire consisting of 16 items, the first 14 of which are scored. To evaluate the accuracy of the depression subscale of hospital anxiety and depression scale hadsd in spine surgery, comparing it to beck depression inventory bdi. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a patient is experiencing. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, german version hads 20 is a widely used 14item selfreport measure comprising 7 anxiety items and 7 depression items that yield separate anxiety and. The aims of this study were to examine the usefulness of the hospital anxiety and depression rating scale hads for gps by.
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